铁观音茶叶

铁观音既是茶叶名称，也是茶树树种名称。铁观音最正宗的产地位于福建省安溪县的西坪镇。关于铁观音的来源有两个传说，今天我们分享其中一个观音托梦说。相传在清雍正年间，安溪当地有位茶农叫做魏荫，他笃信佛教，虔诚供奉观音几十年如一日。

忽然有一天，他在梦里受到观音菩萨的指点，出了家门一路顺溪行去，在溪水旁发现了一株茶树，青翠茁壮，叶片肥嫩，在阳光下一闪一闪的跳跃着绿光。这真是一棵从未见过的好茶树啊！魏荫正在欣喜之时，一声鸡啼将他唤醒了。魏荫醒后，顺着梦里的路途前往，果然寻到了与梦中一模一样的茶树。魏荫喜不自禁，将茶树挪回家，种在一口大铁鼎里。几年过去，茶树终于可以采制了，魏荫精心的采下茶叶，全力以赴的开始制茶。茶成出锅时，清香馥郁，把附近的邻居都吸引来了。魏荫热情的将制好的茶叶泡给乡亲们喝，乡亲们对这款茶交口称赞。大家认为这款茶是在观音菩萨的托梦指引下找到的，又种在铁鼎中，一致决定把这款茶命名为铁观音。这便是铁观音的由来。

铁观音的制作工艺包括鲜叶采摘、晒青、晾青、摇青、杀青、包揉、焙火等7道初制工艺。铁观音的采摘标准要求有一定的成熟度，一般要求一芽三叶。晒青和晾青是为了蒸发一部分鲜叶中的水分，使叶片变软便于摇青，同时蒸发一部分青草气味。摇青是制作铁观音的关键一步，摇青的过程中叶缘细胞相互摩擦碰破，青草气挥发，芳香物质显露。决定了成茶的茶香和综合品质。杀青后茶叶停止发酵，开始进行包揉，包揉是形成铁观音“美如观音重如铁”的塑形步骤。焙干使成茶的含水量达到相关标准，利于储存。

铁观音外形圆紧重实，俗称“蛤蟆腿、蜻蜓头”。色泽银绿隐翠带白霜，观赏价值高。干茶闻起来略带兰花香。冲泡开汤之后，奶香浓郁，或带兰花香。茶汤金黄明亮，清澈无杂质，品饮起来齿颊留香，独具观音韵。叶底叶片肥厚软亮，呈褶皱状，俗称“缎面”。另有叶缘红叶心绿的特征，称为“绿叶红镶边”。

冲泡铁观音宜用白色功夫茶具。泡茶宜用沸水，以凤凰三点头的手法（即水流三起三落）进行冲泡。注水前可进行摇香（即干茶在无水的盖碗中轻摇几下），通过摇香可以更好的发挥茶的香气和品质。在铁观音的冲泡过程中专门配备闻香杯，闻香杯经过热茶浇烫，再将茶水倒出。将空闻香杯趁热放在手中来回搓动，轻轻闻取茶香。动作优美，香气袭人，宜身宜心。若论茶香馥郁，其他茶中无出安溪铁观音其右者。

Tieguanyin is not only the name of tea, but also the name of the tea tree species. The most authentic origin of Tieguanyin is located in Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province. There are two legends about the origin of Tieguanyin, and today we share one of them, Guanyin said. According to legend, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a local tea farmer in Anxi called Wei Yin. He believed in Buddhism and worshipped Guanyin for decades. Suddenly one day, he was instructed by Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva in a dream. He went out of the house and walked along the stream. He found a tea tree beside the stream. Light. This is such a good tea tree that I have never seen before! While Wei Yin was rejoicing, a rooster crowing woke him up. After Wei Yin woke up, he followed the path in the dream and found the exact same tea tree as in the dream. Wei Yin couldn't help but moved the tea tree home and planted it in a big iron cauldron. A few years later, the tea tree can finally be harvested. Wei Yin carefully picked the tea leaves and started to make tea with all his strength. When the tea is out of the pot, it is fragrant and fragrant, attracting the nearby neighbors. Wei Yin enthusiastically brewed the prepared tea for the villagers to drink, and the villagers complimented the tea. Everyone thinks that this tea was found under the guidance of Guanyin Bodhisattva's dream, and it was planted in the iron tripod, so they unanimously decided to name this tea Tieguanyin. This is the origin of Tieguanyin.

The production process of Tieguanyin includes 7 primary processes of picking fresh leaves, drying greens, drying greens, shaking greens, fixing greens, wrapping and kneading, and roasting. The picking standard of Tieguanyin requires a certain degree of maturity, generally requiring one bud and three leaves. The purpose of drying and drying is to evaporate some of the water in the fresh leaves, making the leaves soft and easy to shake, and at the same time evaporating part of the smell of grass. Shaking the green is a key step in making Tieguanyin. During the shaking process, the leaf edge cells rub against each other and break, the grass gas evaporates, and the aromatic substances are revealed. It determines the tea aroma and overall quality of the finished tea. After the tea leaves are finished, the fermentation is stopped, and the rubbing is started. The rubbing is a shaping step to form Tieguanyin "beautiful as Guanyin and heavy as iron". Drying makes the water content of the finished tea reach the relevant standard, which is convenient for storage.

Tieguanyin is round and firm in shape, commonly known as "toad legs and dragonfly head". The color is silvery green with hoarfrost and has a high ornamental value. The dry tea smells slightly orchid. After the soup is brewed, it has a strong milky fragrance or an orchid fragrance. The tea soup is golden and bright, clear and free of impurities, and it has a unique Guanyin charm. The leaves at the bottom of the leaves are thick, soft and bright, and are folded, commonly known as "satin". In addition, the leaf margin is red and the heart is green, which is called "green leaf red border".

White Kung Fu tea set should be used to brew Tieguanyin. It is advisable to use boiling water to brew tea, and brew it in the way of three heads of the phoenix (that is, the flow of water rises and falls three times). Shake the aroma before pouring water (that is, shake the dry tea a few times in a covered bowl without water), and by shaking the aroma, the aroma and quality of the tea can be better played. In the brewing process of Tieguanyin, a scented cup is specially equipped. The scented cup is scalded with hot tea, and then the tea is poured out. Put the empty scented cup in your hand while it is still hot, and rub it back and forth to gently smell the aroma of the tea. The action is beautiful, the aroma is striking, and it is suitable for the body and mind. If the tea is fragrant and fragrant, there is no other tea like Tieguanyin.