研究表明铁观音提取物可以明显改善转基因小鼠阿尔茨海默症

近日，浙江大学农业与生物技术学院茶学系屠幼英教授团队在《浙江大学学报》（农业与生命科学版）2022年第1期刊发了题为“铁观音对阿尔兹海默病小鼠行为的影响及机制”的研究论文。

该研究发现，铁观音提取物对阿尔兹海默症小鼠模型具有一定的缓解或保护作用，为科学饮用铁观音提取物抗阿尔兹海默症功效提供了新的理论依据。

研究指出，用药物和铁观音提取物处理后，模型组小鼠的自发交替反应率比正常组降低了16.0%，具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。用陈香型、浓香型、清香型3种铁观音提取物处理后，APP/PS1小鼠工作记忆能力较模型组显著提高，说明铁观音提取物有改善小鼠工作记忆能力的效果。这与“茶叶中茶多酚、咖啡碱等活性成分对大脑具有神经保护作用，可以有效地缓解或降低AD的发病率”结论相一致。

上述论文研究结论显示，3 种不同香型的铁观音均可以抑制APP/PS1小鼠脑内氧化应激水平，改善8月龄APP/PS1小鼠的学习记忆能力和焦虑行为，修复小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞形态。由此可推测，铁观音提取物对AD小鼠脑内炎症反应有一定改善作用。

阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer's disease， AD），俗称“ 老年痴呆症”，是一种严重的神经退行性疾病。相关数据表明，全球约有5000万人罹患阿尔兹海默症。随着人类平均寿命增长，阿尔兹海默症的患病率也在不断上升，预计到2050年，阿尔兹海默症患者将增加至1.5亿以上。

阿尔兹海默症的病因复杂，科学界至今仍未破译阿尔兹海默症发病的具体机制。而茶叶被认为具有抗氧化、保护神经、抗衰老等作用，而衰老、氧化应激和由多种原因导致的神经损伤甚至神经元凋亡等都是阿尔兹海默症发生的关键因素，因此，茶成分在AD中的研究利用日益增多。

铁观音系属乌龙茶类，原产于福建省安溪县西坪镇。安溪铁观音于2000年成功注册地理标志证明商标，于2004年成为国家地理标志保护产品。2021年5月发布的2021中国品牌价值评价信息显示，安溪铁观音以1428.46亿元的品牌价值位列区域品牌（地理标志产品）价值第一。

Recently, the team of Professor Tu Youying from the Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University published a paper entitled "The effect of Tie Guanyin on the behavior of mice with Alzheimer's disease" in the first issue of "Journal of Zhejiang University" (Agriculture and Life Sciences Edition) in 2022. Effects and Mechanisms" research paper.

The study found that Tieguanyin extract has a certain alleviating or protective effect on Alzheimer's disease mouse models, which provides a new theoretical basis for the efficacy of scientific drinking Tieguanyin extract against Alzheimer's disease.

The study pointed out that after treatment with drugs and Tieguanyin extract, the spontaneous alternation reaction rate of mice in the model group was reduced by 16.0% compared with the normal group, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). After treatment with 3 kinds of Tieguanyin extracts of Chen-flavor, strong-flavor, and Qing-flavor, the working memory ability of APP/PS1 mice was significantly improved compared with the model group, indicating that Tieguanyin extract has the effect of improving the working memory ability of mice. This is consistent with the conclusion that "active components such as tea polyphenols and caffeine in tea have neuroprotective effects on the brain and can effectively alleviate or reduce the incidence of AD".

The research conclusion of the above paper shows that three different flavors of Tieguanyin can inhibit the level of oxidative stress in the brain of APP/PS1 mice, improve the learning and memory ability and anxiety behavior of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice, and repair microglia. Cell and astrocyte morphology. It can be speculated that the Tieguanyin extract has a certain improvement effect on the inflammatory response in the brain of AD mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), commonly known as "senile dementia", is a serious neurodegenerative disease. Relevant data show that about 50 million people worldwide suffer from Alzheimer's disease. As the average human life expectancy increases, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is also rising, and it is estimated that by 2050, the number of Alzheimer's patients will increase to more than 150 million.

The etiology of Alzheimer's disease is complex, and the scientific community has not yet deciphered the specific mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. Tea is believed to have antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-aging effects, and aging, oxidative stress, and nerve damage and even neuronal apoptosis caused by various reasons are all key factors in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. , the research and utilization of tea components in AD is increasing.

Tieguanyin belongs to the category of oolong tea, originating in Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province. Anxi Tieguanyin successfully registered a geographical indication certification mark in 2000 and became a national geographical indication protection product in 2004. The 2021 China brand value evaluation information released in May 2021 shows that Anxi Tieguanyin ranks first in the value of regional brands (geographical indication products) with a brand value of 142.846 billion yuan.