铁观音的种植条件 种植环境 天气要求 土壤要求

1、种植环境：安溪是铁观音茶叶的原产地，被称为厦门的“后花园"。福建是八闽大地，八山一水一分田，而安溪却是九山九水点点田。该县基本上没有重工业，甚至轻工业也很少，特别是茶叶产区。只有水泥路，只有房屋和汽车才能体现出现代文明，基本上保持纯农业生产。安溪茶生产历史悠久，自然条件独特，茶叶品质优良。

2、天气要求：铁观音茶树的生长尤其是香气的形成，天气昼夜温差极为重要，安溪海拔800-1000米的高山生态云端茶园，所以昼夜温差在20度左右，长期云雾萦绕。采用自然农法种植将油菜花、格桑花与茶树穿插套种在优质土壤中生长的铁观音树种。

3、土壤要求：茶树需要吸收天地的精华，良好的土壤对茶树的生长非常重要。安西山的茶树大多种植在山上，因此茶山上的土壤很利于安溪铁观音茶树的生长，为铁观音的优良品质提供了坚实的基础。

1. Planting environment: Anxi is the origin of Tieguanyin tea, known as Xiamen's "back garden". Fujian is a land of eight Fujian, eight mountains, one water and one field, but Anxi is nine mountains and nine waters. There is basically no heavy industry in the county, and even very little light industry, especially in tea-producing areas. Only cement roads, only houses and cars can reflect modern civilization, basically maintaining pure agricultural production. Anxi tea has a long history of production, unique natural conditions and excellent tea quality.

2. Weather requirements: The growth of tea trees, especially the formation of aroma, is extremely important. The temperature difference between day and night is extremely important. The alpine ecological cloud tea garden in Anxi is 800-1000 meters above sea level, so the temperature difference between day and night is about 20 degrees, and long-term clouds linger. The Tieguanyin tree species grown in high-quality soil by interspersed with rapeseed, Gesang and tea trees are planted by natural farming methods.

3. Soil requirements: Tea trees need to absorb the essence of heaven and earth, and good soil is very important for the growth of tea trees. Most of the tea trees in Anxi Mountain are planted on the mountain, so the soil on the tea mountain is very conducive to the growth of tea trees, which provides a solid foundation for the excellent quality of Tieguanyin.

茶叶管理：如果茶叶生长过快，那么铁观音茶叶的营养就会减少，较早生长的茶叶已经很粗糙但是新生长的茶也仍然很嫩，这样的铁观音是很难有好的品质，并且做出的茶叶的叶梗也很多。而茶树生长较好的是新茶叶保持在3~4叶，当第一片叶处于老而嫩的阶段时，最后的芽已长到70%。这种茶青是加工高品质铁观音的基础。因此，茶园管理是非常重要的，不仅要让茶树正常生长，也不能让茶树长得太多。

三、茶叶采摘：铁观音采摘春茶和秋茶，采摘季节来临时，天气极为重要，只有连续晴天铁观音才能采摘，如果遇到雨天，铁观音茶农一季的付出就全没有了，只好等到茶树生长最好，此时茶叶营养丰富，需要生长三四叶，最上芽也需要开到七成状。

四、茶叶加工：铁观音的初步加工基本实现在农民身上，采茶的茶青需要阳光进行晒青，一旦是没有太阳，铁观音茶叶的品质就会大大降低。而铁观音的发酵过程也需要良好的天气来配合，如果天气不配合，茶农就会累得半死，甚至用空调伺候。

做青，铁观音的关键步骤。通过做青，茶叶中的芳香物质进行转化，这是铁观音高香的关键因素之一但做青的时间、次数和轻重，都需要针对鲜叶本身和温度湿度进行调控，需凭借制茶人多年的经验来把握。

茶叶精选：经过粗加工的铁观音茶叶下一步就要开始进行精选的环节了，茶叶沫去除、茶茎去除、在去除茶叶中的老叶、枯叶、粗叶等，然后在进行茶叶筛选筛选环节，用红外线消毒、轻焙火烘干再包装。