铁观音 黑科技”赋能北京冬奥，全民共享冰雪盛会

运动员们从白雪皑皑的雪道滑下，或蜿蜒穿行，或起跳旋转，在空中完成各种高难度动作，这样的场景一定让观众看得热血沸腾。但可能有人并不清楚，雪上项目对气候和场地的要求十分严格，雪的性状稳定对雪道而言十分重要。国际滑雪联合会对不同项目的竞赛雪道都设定了相应的技术指标，以保证比赛的公平性和安全性。为了保证雪上项目的顺利进行，本届冬奥会80%—90%的比赛场地用雪都采用人造雪，通过我们的“自力更生”实现了冬奥会的用雪自由。

用雪自由的背后，是中国造雪技术的“零的突破”。如上所言，雪上项目用雪十分严格，根本无法“靠天吃饭”，加之不同雪上项目对雪质的要求有所不同，哪怕是同一块场地的不同地段，对雪质的要求也不一样。比如高山滑雪项目，赛道不但要有提升运动员比赛速度与舒适度的“冰状雪”，还要有到了减速区和结束区，需要保持雪的蓬松状态以达到减速效果，保护运动员不受伤。同样跳台滑雪比赛坡道雪，从下到上依次是基层、中层、表层，每层雪的密度都不一样。人造雪是一个颇有科技含量的技术活。

然而，我国人造雪方面的研究起步较晚，国内赛道雪务技术几乎空白，国外又在这方面对中国进行技术封锁，使得中国无法拿到赛道用雪的参数标准。2016年以前，中国甚至造不出一条合格的“冰状雪”赛道。但是，中华民族是一个敢于筑梦善于筑梦的民族，我们既然向国际奥委会作出了承办北京冬奥会的承诺，就一定会克服所有困难，确保冬奥会实现“简约、精彩、安全”的目标。

有志者事竟成，敢为者天不负。2017年，在中国科学院院士、中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室名誉主任秦大河的带领下，北京冬奥会赛事用雪保障关键技术研究团队正式组建，誓要制造出中国人自己的“冰状雪”。经过大量观测和试验，最终成功制造出适应大陆性季风气候特点的合格“冰状雪”。中国从造雪到除雪技术全部达到国际赛事标准，实现了用雪自由。此外我国自主研发生产的首台大型压雪车——SG400成功下线，在大功率高端压雪车产品领域实现了从0到1的突破。

人造雪技术及其应用，只是科技支撑北京冬奥的一个方面，还有更多让中外记者眼花缭乱的“硬核科技”。其中，低碳绿色与北京冬奥再度结缘，张北可再生能源柔性直流电网示范工程让张北的风“点亮”北京的灯，助力冬奥场馆实现100%清洁能源供应。5G无人车成为参与火炬传递接力的特殊“火炬手”，这是奥运史上从未有过的奇观。除此之外，机器人水下传递火炬也是奥运史上的首次。国家速滑馆“冰丝带”零碳制冰、主媒体中心智慧餐厅机器人烹饪送餐“一条龙”……开赛以来，北京冬奥会的“黑科技”让人眼界大开。

北京冬奥之所以有这么多的科技应用、科技亮点，就在于党的十八大以来，科技创新的位置更加突出，打牢了科技是国之利器，国家赖之以强，企业赖之以赢，人民生活赖之以好的理念，就在于科技冬奥相关部门、相关企业有效运作，目标明确、举措得力，抓住实现科技创新、成果转化的极好机会，让大量科技产品应时而生、投入应用。

国家主席习近平多次考察冬奥筹办工作，作出“中国冰雪运动也必须走科技创新之路”的指示，强调“科技在竞技体育中的作用越来越突出”……这些指示批示，是北京冬奥科技亮眼的强大推力。

硬核科技“酷”，北京冬奥“炫”，精彩瞬间“燃”，呈现方式“潮”。北京冬奥利用空间计算操作系统、导引服务机器人、消毒机器人等科技项目支撑赛事运行，凸显冬奥“科技范”；各类“黑科技”成为精准防疫的“利器”；通过8K超高清视频采集、制作存储、信号传输、落地分发全链条技术体系，让观众尽情饕餮冬奥体育盛宴……

Athletes slide down the snowy slopes, or meander through, or take off and spin, and complete various difficult movements in the air. Such scenes will definitely make the audience's blood boil. However, some people may not be aware that snow sports have very strict requirements on climate and venues, and the stability of snow properties is very important for snow tracks. The International Ski Federation has set corresponding technical indicators for different competition ski runs to ensure the fairness and safety of the competition. In order to ensure the smooth progress of snow sports, 80% to 90% of the competition venues of this Winter Olympics use artificial snow. Through our "self-reliance", we have realized the freedom of snow use in the Winter Olympics.

Behind the freedom to use snow is a "zero breakthrough" in China's snowmaking technology. As mentioned above, the use of snow for snow sports is very strict, and it is impossible to "rely on the sky". In addition, different snow sports have different requirements for snow quality, even in different areas of the same site, the requirements for snow quality are also different. For example, in alpine skiing, the track should not only have "ice-like snow" to improve the speed and comfort of athletes, but also to the deceleration zone and the end zone. It is necessary to keep the snow fluffy to achieve the deceleration effect and protect the athletes from injury. Similarly, the snow on the slopes of the ski jumping competition is the base layer, the middle layer, and the surface layer from bottom to top, and the density of each layer of snow is different. Artificial snow is a technological activity with a high technological content.

However, the research on artificial snow in my country started late, and the domestic track snow technology is almost blank, and foreign countries have blocked China's technology in this regard, making it impossible for China to obtain the parameter standards for track snow. Before 2016, China could not even build a qualified "ice-like snow" track. However, the Chinese nation is a nation that dares to build dreams and is good at building dreams. Since we have made a commitment to the International Olympic Committee to host the Beijing Winter Olympics, we will definitely overcome all difficulties and ensure that the Winter Olympics will be "simple, exciting and safe." "The goal.

If there is a will, things will come true, and those who dare to do it will live up to it. In 2017, under the leadership of Qin Dahe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and honorary director of the State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a research team on key technologies for snow protection in the Beijing Winter Olympics was formally established, vowing to create the Chinese people's own "ice". like snow". After a large number of observations and experiments, a qualified "ice-like snow" adapted to the characteristics of the continental monsoon climate was successfully produced. China's snowmaking and snow removal technologies all meet the standards of international competitions, realizing the freedom of snow use. In addition, my country's first large-scale snow plow truck, the SG400, was successfully rolled off the production line, achieving a breakthrough from 0 to 1 in the field of high-power and high-end snow plow products.

Artificial snow technology and its application are only one aspect of technology supporting the Beijing Winter Olympics, and there are more "hard-core technologies" that dazzle Chinese and foreign journalists. Among them, low-carbon green has once again become associated with the Beijing Winter Olympics. The Zhangbei Renewable Energy Flexible DC Power Grid Demonstration Project allows Zhangbei's wind to "light up" Beijing's lights, helping the Winter Olympics venues to achieve 100% clean energy supply. The 5G unmanned vehicle has become a special "torch bearer" participating in the torch relay, which is an unprecedented spectacle in the history of the Olympic Games. In addition, the robot underwater torch relay is also the first time in the history of the Olympic Games. The "Ice Ribbon" of the National Speed Skating Stadium has zero-carbon ice making, and the smart restaurant in the main media center has a "one-stop" robot cooking and food delivery... Since the start of the competition, the "black technology" of the Beijing Winter Olympics has opened people's eyes.

The reason why the Beijing Winter Olympics has so many scientific and technological applications and highlights is that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the position of technological innovation has become more prominent. , the good idea that people's lives depend on lies in the effective operation of the relevant departments and related enterprises of the Science and Technology Winter Olympics, with clear goals, effective measures, and seizing the excellent opportunities to realize scientific and technological innovation and transformation of achievements, so that a large number of scientific and technological products can be produced at the right time. put into application.

President Xi Jinping inspected the preparations for the Winter Olympics many times, and made instructions that "China's ice and snow sports must also take the road of scientific and technological innovation", emphasizing that "the role of science and technology in competitive sports is becoming more and more prominent." Ao Technology's dazzling and powerful thrust.

The hard-core technology is "cool", the Beijing Winter Olympics is "dazzling", the wonderful moments are "burning", and the presentation method is "tidal". The Beijing Winter Olympics use space computing operating systems, guidance service robots, disinfection robots and other technological projects to support the operation of the event, highlighting the "science and technology" of the Winter Olympics; various "black technologies" have become "sharp weapons" for precise epidemic prevention; 8K ultra-high-definition video The whole chain technology system of collection, production storage, signal transmission, and landing distribution allows the audience to enjoy the Winter Olympics sports feast...