安溪铁观音 不下苦功夫，哪有幸福来

现在，我们共产党的各级干部到哪都要问一声乡亲们：还想过什么样的好生活？更好的生活，我们一起来推动、来实现。

——习近平

正午暖阳下，红瓦黄墙藏式房，窗明几净亮堂堂。51岁的牧民索南才让抱着小外孙玩耍，屋内桌上摆满馓子、麻花和水果，炉火烧得正旺，奶茶醇香扑鼻。

这里是青海省海北藏族自治州刚察县果洛藏贡麻村，平均海拔3300米。

2021年6月8日，习近平总书记来到这个藏族牧民搬迁安置新村，走进索南才让家做客。面对热情的乡亲们，总书记深情同大家说：“看到你们感到很高兴、很亲切，我们都是一家人，都是兄弟姐妹。看到你们村子变化很大，大家过得很幸福，我们很欣慰，能感受到大家对党和政府的深情厚谊。”

新春伊始，记者探访这个村子，不时听到阵阵欢歌，家家户户充溢着幸福的味道。

“我们要打造乡村振兴示范点”

“我在家门口给总书记献上哈达。”

索南才让对习近平总书记做客时的情景念念不忘，“总书记来家后，没有立即坐下，而是屋里屋外仔细察看，跟大家一起拉家常。总书记对我们生产生活的关心实实在在。”

索南才让从桌下翻出几张照片，当时他就是拿着这些照片向习近平总书记介绍家里的变化。“以前我家就两间简陋土坯房，30平方米，草场水电不通，厕所露天，连条像样的路也没有。”

2014年底，易地扶贫搬迁政策出台后，索南才让听说政府补贴4.7万元、自己出1.5万元就能住进敞亮的砖瓦房小院，马上报名，从草场搬进了牧民安置新村。“水电暖一应俱全，水泥路铺到了家门口，亚古都(藏语：好极了)!”

喜迁新居，日子还是紧巴。“我原来是少畜户，只靠8头牛过活。”2015年底，索南才让一家被识别为建档立卡贫困户。“村里用扶贫资金给我买了羊，我也不能‘等靠要’，又申请了5万元小额贷款，扩大养殖规模。”

经过几年苦干，索南才让家已有80只羊、20头牛。女儿争取到公益性岗位，一个月挣2400元，女婿应聘到县电视台，每月收入2700元。2021年，索南才让家总收入超过11万元，人均收入从2015年的2100元增长到2万元以上。

“搬出草场后，老人看病、孩子上学也更方便了。2017年我们村实现了整村脱贫。”村支书索南才夫旦是“90后”，他亮出了果洛藏贡麻村2021年成绩单：村民人均纯收入1.4万元，建档立卡户8600元，通过项目租赁等方式，村集体经济收益超过39万元。

谈到未来，村里的乡村振兴第一书记张明铺开一张已三易其稿的建设规划图，“我们要打造乡村振兴示范点，集餐饮民宿、民族手工业、观光畜牧业为一体。”

索南才让打算开个商店，卖自家做的糌粑、酥油、曲拉。“我们藏族有句谚语：不下苦功夫，哪有幸福来。有了好政策，自己好好干，更甜的日子还在后面呢!”他怀里的小外孙刚过周岁生日，大名是索南才让起的——“达瓦东智”，寓意他的将来光明幸福!

“住宿木屋今年就会开放”

除了牛羊养殖和公益性岗位，保护生态也是索南才让家的重要收入来源。

“总书记非常关心生态环境保护，来村里之前先去看了青海湖仙女湾。”索南才让说，他当时向习近平总书记汇报了自己担任草原管护员的情况，并表示每月还有1200元工资，总书记听后十分欣慰。

目前，果洛藏贡麻村共有19名草原管护员。每隔一两天，索南才让就和同伴们骑上摩托，到责任片区巡查，捡拾垃圾、修补围栏、宣传防火。虽说辛苦，却乐在其中。过去单纯的草原利用者，转型成了生态保护者和红利共享者。严格遵守禁牧、轮牧规定的牧民，还能领到生态奖补。

近年，青海湖水位持续上涨，生态环境不断改善。“野生的羚羊，草场周边随处可见。”索南才让说的，是几近灭绝的普氏原羚，青海湖是它们在世界上仅存的栖息地。过去14年间，青海湖畔的普氏原羚种群数量增加约9倍。“现在管它们叫中华对角羚!”

“生态好了，我们村被评为中国美丽休闲乡村，慕名而来的人更多了!”张明说，这是他们发展乡村旅游的底气。村后山坡草原上，散落着一栋栋红色藏式小木屋和帐篷，宛如粒粒珍珠被蜿蜒的木栈道串起。

“那儿是岗日梅朵度假村，餐饮搞起来了，住宿木屋今年就会开放。”张明领着记者沿木栈道向上走去，“周边还要建儿童乐园、畜牧观光等配套设施，给游客更丰富的体验。”

度假村老板仁青才郎，刚和朋友开着面包车从县里回来，车上载着为木屋定制的卧床。自打2020年10月承包了度假村，他就一刻也没闲着。2021年，小木屋餐饮项目开业，主打藏餐、川菜，4个月就接待游客4000余人次、进账30万元。“村里十几个牧民在我这儿当服务员，实现了家门口就业。”仁青才郎说。

仁青才郎是果洛藏贡麻村的能人。“小时候住的是牦牛毛编的黑帐篷，冬天住里面得裹皮袄，睡觉盖的还是那件皮袄。”长大后，他卖过空心砖，开过服装店，还组建起施工队为村民盖过暖棚、畜棚。如今，他彻底告别了牧民生活，“专职”当老板。

说到“新业态”，仁青才郎爽朗地大笑：“我还不到60岁，还能带大伙再干10年，把小木屋的生意做大，芝麻开花节节高!”

“现在牦牛绒可成了宝”

索南才夫旦脖子上的一条咖色长围巾很抢眼。

“这是牦牛绒围巾，村里多杰才让的企业生产的，钟布(藏语：暖和)!”牦牛绒跟牦牛毛有啥区别？带着好奇，记者来到村外的阿雅克牦牛绒制品文化体验馆。

馆内，围巾、毡礼帽、拖鞋、挂饰、台布……各类牦牛绒制品齐刷刷摆在货架上。23岁的宗吉正在收拾货品，她负责销售，也是本村人。

“牦牛绒比牦牛毛更柔软、更保暖。”宗吉抓起一把牦牛绒介绍，“以前，牦牛一换毛，牦牛绒都随风飘走了，现在牦牛绒可成了宝!”

变“废”为宝，多杰才让瞅准商机。他出生在果洛藏贡麻村，母亲为了让他和妹妹上学，带他们进了县城，寄居在母亲工作的县皮革厂仓库。年轻的多杰才让没有被贫困击倒，他选择奋斗，参加高考被青海师范大学录取，毕业后在成都从事翻译工作。

“跟客户接触时，我发现牦牛绒制品在很多地方都受欢迎，市场潜力较大。”想到老家牦牛绒资源那么丰富，多杰才让毅然返乡，在2014年创立了刚察阿雅克牛绒开发销售有限公司。在政府扶持下，他购买了第一台牛绒分梳机。起初，牧民们不相信牦牛绒能卖钱，“我们就一户一户跑，挨家解释牦牛绒的经济价值，出价收购。”

牧民们看到了实惠，争先恐后收集起牦牛绒，县里也开设了与牛绒生产制造相关的培训。村里的朋合毛在多杰才让的企业工作了6年，成长为技术骨干，能自己上手设计新花样。“都在手机上接订单了，80%通过电商销售。”她说，“我们的产品还卖到了国外。”

市场大了，创业之路越走越宽。2021年，阿雅克公司销售各类牦牛绒制品4000余件，经营收入200万元，果洛藏贡麻村和周边地区1000多户牧民因此增收。多杰才让被评为“青海省农牧区青年致富带头人”。

Now, wherever our Communist Party cadres at all levels go, they have to ask the villagers: What kind of good life do they still want to live? A better life, we work together to promote and achieve.

——Xi Jinping

Under the warm sun at noon, the Tibetan-style house with red tiles and yellow walls has bright windows. The 51-year-old herdsman Sonam only let his little grandson play. The table in the house was full of naan, twists and fruits. The fire was burning brightly, and the milk tea was fragrant.

This is Gongma Village, Guoluozang, Gangcha County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, with an average altitude of 3,300 meters.

On June 8, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to this new village for the relocation and resettlement of Tibetan herdsmen, and only allowed his family to be a guest when he walked into Sonam. Facing the enthusiastic villagers, the general secretary said affectionately to everyone: "I am very happy and kind to see you. We are all family, brothers and sisters. Seeing that your village has changed a lot and everyone is very happy, We are very gratified and can feel everyone's deep friendship for the party and the government."

At the beginning of the Chinese New Year, reporters visited this village and heard bursts of cheers from time to time, and every household was full of happiness.

"We want to build a demonstration site for rural revitalization"

"I present hada to the general secretary at the door of my house."

Suonan just let him remember the scene of General Secretary Xi Jinping's visit, "After the General Secretary came home, he didn't sit down immediately, but carefully inspected the house and outside, and went home with everyone. The General Secretary's concern for our production and life is real. exist."

Sonam asked to pull out a few photos from under the table. At that time, he took these photos to introduce the changes at home to General Secretary Xi Jinping. "In the past, my family had two simple adobe houses, 30 square meters, with no water and electricity in the grassland, open-air toilets, and no decent roads."

At the end of 2014, after the introduction of the ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation policy, Suonan let him know that the government subsidized 47,000 yuan, and he could live in a bright brick house with 15,000 yuan. He signed up immediately and moved from the pasture to the herdsman resettlement. new village. "Water, electricity and heating are readily available, and the cement road is paved to the door. Yagudu (Tibetan: excellent)!"

Happy to move to a new home, days are still tight. "I used to be a household with few livestock, and I only lived on 8 cows." At the end of 2015, Suonan allowed the family to be identified as a poor household with a file and a card. "The village bought me sheep with poverty alleviation funds, and I couldn't wait to ask for it. I applied for a small loan of 50,000 yuan to expand the scale of breeding."

After several years of hard work, Suonan has 80 sheep and 20 cows. The daughter won a public welfare post, earning 2,400 yuan a month, and her son-in-law applied for a job at the county TV station, earning 2,700 yuan a month. In 2021, Suonan will let the family's total income exceed 110,000 yuan, and the per capita income will increase from 2,100 yuan in 2015 to more than 20,000 yuan.

"After moving out of the pasture, it is more convenient for the elderly to see a doctor and children to go to school. In 2017, our village realized the poverty alleviation of the whole village." The village party secretary Suonan Caifudan is a "post-90s", and he showed the 2021 of Gongma Village, Guoluo Tibet. Annual report card: The per capita net income of villagers is 14,000 yuan, and the registered households are 8,600 yuan. Through project leasing and other methods, the village's collective economic income exceeds 390,000 yuan.

Speaking of the future, Zhang Ming, the first secretary of the village's rural revitalization, unfolded a construction plan that has been revised three times. "We will build a rural revitalization demonstration site, integrating catering and homestays, national handicrafts, and tourism and animal husbandry."

Sonam decided to open a shop to sell tsampa, ghee, and qula made by himself. "We Tibetans have a proverb: If you don't work hard, there will be no happiness. If you have a good policy, you can work hard, and sweeter days are to come!" Only let it go - "Dawa Dongzhi", which means that his future is bright and happy!

“Accommodation cabins will open this year”

In addition to cattle and sheep breeding and public welfare jobs, ecological protection is also an important source of income for Suo Nancai Rangjia.

"The general secretary is very concerned about ecological environment protection. Before coming to the village, he went to see Fairy Bay in Qinghai Lake." Suonan Cairang said that he reported to General Secretary Xi Jinping about his status as a grassland caretaker, and said that he would pay a monthly fee. There is a salary of 1,200 yuan, and the general secretary is very pleased to hear it.

At present, there are a total of 19 grassland caregivers in Gongma Village, Guoluo Zang. Every one or two days, Suonan and his companions ride motorcycles to inspect the responsible area, pick up garbage, repair fences, and promote fire prevention. Although it was hard work, it was fun. The simple grassland users in the past have transformed into ecological protectors and dividend sharers. Herdsmen who strictly abide by the grazing prohibition and rotational grazing regulations can also receive ecological rewards.

In recent years, the water level of Qinghai Lake has continued to rise, and the ecological environment has continued to improve. "Wild antelopes can be seen everywhere around the grassland." What Sonam said was the nearly extinct Przewalski's gazelle, and Qinghai Lake was their only remaining habitat in the world. In the past 14 years, the population of Przewalski's gazelle by Qinghai Lake has increased by about 9 times. "Call them Chinese antelopes now!"

"The ecology is good, our village has been rated as a beautiful leisure village in China, and more people come here!" Zhang Ming said, this is the confidence for them to develop rural tourism. On the hillside grassland behind the village, there are red Tibetan-style cabins and tents scattered, like pearls strung together by winding wooden plank roads.

"There is Gangri Meadow Resort, the catering is established, and the wooden accommodation will be opened this year." Zhang Ming led the reporter up the wooden plank road, "There will also be children's playgrounds, animal husbandry sightseeing and other supporting facilities around, for tourists. A richer experience."

The owner of the resort, Renqing Cailang, had just returned from the county in a van with his friends, carrying a bed custom-made for a wooden house. Since he contracted the resort in October 2020, he has not been idle for a moment. In 2021, the cabin catering project will open, focusing on Tibetan food and Sichuan cuisine. In 4 months, it has received more than 4,000 tourists and earned 300,000 yuan. "More than a dozen herdsmen in the village worked as waiters here, and achieved employment at their doorstep." Renqing Cailang said.

Renqingcailang is a capable man in Gongma Village, Goluo Tibet. "When I was a child, I lived in a black tent made of yak wool. In winter, I had to wrap it in a leather jacket, and I slept in that leather jacket." When he grew up, he sold hollow bricks, opened a clothing store, and set up a construction team for The villagers covered the greenhouses and animal sheds. Now, he has completely bid farewell to the herdsman life and becomes a "full-time" boss.

Speaking of the "new business format", Renqingcailang laughed heartily: "I'm not yet 60 years old, and I can take everyone to work for another 10 years to expand the business of the cabin, and the sesame blossoms are growing!"

"Now yak wool is a treasure"

A long brown scarf on Sonam Caifudan's neck is very eye-catching.

"This is a yak wool scarf, produced by an enterprise in the village that Dorje Ran made, Zhongbu (Tibetan: warm)!" What's the difference between yak wool and yak hair? Out of curiosity, the reporter came to the Ajak Yak Wool Products Cultural Experience Hall outside the village.

In the museum, scarves, felt hats, slippers, hanging ornaments, tablecloths... all kinds of yak wool products are placed on the shelves. Zongji, 23, is packing goods. She is in charge of sales and is also a native of the village.

"Yak wool is softer and warmer than yak hair." Zongji grabbed a handful of yak wool and introduced, "In the past, yak wool drifted away with the wind when the yak was shed. Now yak wool is a treasure!"

Turning "waste" into treasure is what Dorje did to identify business opportunities. He was born in Gongma Village, Golog Zang. In order to let him and his sister go to school, his mother took them into the county seat and lived in the warehouse of the county leather factory where his mother worked. The young Dorje was not knocked down by poverty. He chose to struggle, took the college entrance examination and was admitted to Qinghai Normal University. After graduation, he worked as a translator in Chengdu.

"When I was in contact with customers, I found that yak wool products are popular in many places and have great market potential." Thinking of the abundance of yak wool resources in his hometown, Dorje resolutely returned to his hometown and founded Gangcha Ajak Niu in 2014. Cashmere Development and Sales Co., Ltd. With government support, he bought the first cashmere carding machine. At first, the herdsmen did not believe that yak wool could be sold for money. "We ran from house to house, explaining the economic value of yak wool from house to house, and offered to buy it."

Seeing the benefits, the herdsmen scrambled to collect yak wool, and the county also set up training related to the production of yak wool. Penghemao from the village has worked in Dorje Cairang's company for 6 years and has grown into a technical backbone, able to design new patterns by himself. "All orders are received on mobile phones, and 80% are sold through e-commerce," she said. "Our products are also sold abroad."

The market is bigger, and the road to entrepreneurship is getting wider and wider. In 2021, Ajak will sell more than 4,000 pieces of various yak wool products, with an operating income of 2 million yuan, which will increase the income of more than 1,000 herdsmen in Gongma Village and surrounding areas. Dorje Cairang was named "the leader of youth in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province".